Operations & Supply Chain Management Notes | MBA Study Material

CHAPTER 1

1.1 Introduction to Operations Management (OM): Definition, Evolution from production to operations management. Manufacturing trends in India, Services as a part of OM, Operations as a key functional area, OM a system perspective, functions of OM, challenges and current priorities of OM. 

1.2 Quality: Definitions, Dimensions of Quality, Customers view and Manufacturer's view, Concept of Internal Customer, Overview of TQM and LEAN Management, Cause effect diagram (Ishikawa Fish Bone Diagram), Basic Concepts of Kaizen, 5S, Quality Circle. 

CHAPTER 2

2.1 Process Characteristics in Operations: Volume Variety and Flow. Types of Processes and Operations Systems - Continuous Flow system and intermittent flow systems

2.2 Process Product Matrix: Job Production, Batch Production, Assembly line and Continuous Flow, Process and Product Layout

2.3 Service System Design Matrix :Design of Service Systems, Service Blueprinting

CHAPTER 3

3.1 Production Planning & Control (PPC): Role and Functions

3.2 Demand Forecasting: Forecasting as a Planning Tool, Forecasting Time Horizon, Sources of Data for forecasting, Accuracy of Forecast, Capacity Planning

3.3 Production Planning: Aggregate production Planning, Alternatives for Managing Demand and Supply, Master Production Schedule, Capacity Planning - Overview of MRP, CRP, DRP , MRP II

3.4 Production Control: Scheduling, Loading, Scheduling of Job Shops and Floor Shops, Gantt Charts

CHAPTER 4

4.1 Inventory Planning and Control: Continuous and Intermittent demand System, concept of inventory, need for inventory, types of inventory - seasonal, decoupling, cyclic, pipeline, safety. Implications for Inventory Control Methods.

4.2 Inventory Costs: Concept and behaviour of ordering cost, carrying cost, shortage cost.

4.3 EOQ: Basic EOQ Model - EOQ with discounts

4.4 Inventory control: Classification of material - ABC Analysis -VED, HML, FSN, GOLF, SOS.

(Numerical expected on Basic EOQ, EOQ with discounts & ABC, Inventory turns ratios, Fixed Order quantity Model - Periodic Review and Re-order Point)

CHAPTER 5

5.1 Supply Chain Management: Definition, Functions of SCM, Evolution from Physical distribution to Logistics to SCM, Physical Goods and Services Perspectives. Generalized Supply Chain Management Model - Key Issues in SCM – Collaboration, Enterprise Extension, responsiveness, Cash to Cash Conversion,

5.2 Supply chain integrated framework: Resource base to end customers- Product/service value flow, market accommodation flow, information flow, cash flow.

Comment if any link is missing !!

401 Managing for Sustainability | MBA MCQs | SPPU

Chapter 1

Corporate social responsibility: Concept, The nature of corporate responsibility and corporate citizenship, Relevance in the present day business environment.

Corporate social responsibility and stakeholders: Internal and external stakeholders, Responsibility to various stakeholder groups, Interest and influence of various stakeholder groups, Formulating and implementing a policy for corporate social responsibility

Bottom of the pyramid opportunities: Issues and opportunities for business in socially and environmentally sensitive world, Social and environmental problems and how they shape markets.


Chapter 2

Sustainable Development: concept, definition of sustainable development, need, importance, education, Philosophical development, Gandhian Thought on Sustainable Development, Sustainable Development and social framework, equitable distribution, difference between sustainable development and green development, criticism.

Stakeholder Impact: Stakeholders and the power they wield, Reducing socio-environmental costs and risks: managing the downside, Driving revenues and creating intangible value: managing the upside.




Chapter 3

3.1 Business case for sustainable development: Three dimensions of sustainable development

1) Environmental: Atmosphere, fresh water and oceans, land use, management of human consumption, energy, food, waste management, Understanding ecological "footprint": Eco-tracking, carbon marketing, carbon credits, economics of sustainability, Designing for the environment and "greening' the supply chain, regulation, case studies.

2) Economic: environment degradation and economic growth, nature as an economic externality, economic opportunity.

3) Social: Peace, security, social justice, sustainability and poverty, human relationship to nature, human settlements.

3.2 Study of business models for sustainable development: Indian & Global perspectives.

3.3Sustainability reporting: Triple bottom line reports - The content of sustainability reports (also CSR reports, ESG reports, social and environmental reports)

3.4 Social accountability standard - ISO 26000: Social responsibility guidance standard, Global Compact Principles, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Analysis, Social Impact Assessment.


Chapter 4

4.1 Corporate Governance : Meaning – OECD principles, Difference between governance and management, Purpose of good governance, Potential consequences of poor corporate governance, Business failure and the contribution of poor governance

4.2 Relevant Theories: Agency theory, transaction cost theory, stakeholder theory. Friedman‘s theory of CSR.

4.3 Stakeholder value approach: Stakeholder value approach, Enlightened stakeholder approach, stakeholder approach to Governance, risk and financial stability. The balancing of conflicting objectives

4.4 Key issues in corporate governance: Role and composition of the board, remuneration of directors and senior executives, accounting and audit, internal controls, checks and governance, relations with shareholders and other stakeholders. Clause 49 of Listing agreement & Corporate Governance Code, CEO, CFO Certification. Role of regulators – SEBI, IRDA, RBI, ED, etc.

4.5 Applying best practice in governance: Voluntary and regulatory approaches, rules or principles, concept of ‘comply or explain’. Governance problems for global companies and groups. Governance issues in the public sector. Governance issues in the voluntary sector (NGOs and charitable organizations)

4.6 Governance aspects: Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002: Section 302: CEO/CFO certifications, Section 404(a): internal control report, Governance and role of auditors and audit committee.

4.7 Case Studies on Corporate Governance: Satyam, Infosys, Tata, Wipro.

Chapter 5

Corporate Ethics:

5.1 The Ethical Value System: Universalism, Utilitarianism, Distributive Justice, Social Contracts, Individual Freedom of Choice, Professional Code,

5.2 Values: Importance, Sources of Value Systems, Values across Cultures

5.3 Indian Values and Ethics: Respect for Elders, Hierarchy and Status, Need for Security, Non – Violence, Cooperation, Simple Living high Thinking, Rights and Duties, Ethics in Work life, Holistic relationship between Man and Nature, Attitudes and Beliefs.

5.4 Business Ethics: Nature, Characteristics and Needs, Ethical Practices in Management, Ethical Values in different Cultures, Culture and Individual Ethics, Relationship between Law and Ethics, Impact of Laws on Business Ethics.

5.5 Ethics and Corporate Excellence: Code of Ethics in Business Houses, Strategies of Organizational Culture Building, Total Quality, Customer Care, Care of the Employees as per Statutes, Objective and Optimistic Approach.

5.6 Indian and Global case studies.

201 Marketing Management | MBA MCQs | SPPU

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) with Answers on Marketing Management (MM)

      Management Guru Philip Kotler defines marketing as “Marketing Management is the analysis, planning, implementation and control of programmes designed to bring about the desired exchanges with target audiences for the purpose of personal and mutual gain. It relies heavily on adoption and coordination of the product, price, promotion and place for achieving response”: In other words, a business discipline, which is focused on the practical application of marketing techniques and the management of a firm’s marketing resources and activities, is Marketing Management. Marketing Management focuses upon the psychological and physical factors of Marketing. The Marketing managers are responsible for influencing the level, timing, and composition of customer demand accepted definition of the term. While the psychological factors focus upon discovering the needs and wants of the consumer and the changing patterns of buying behavior, habit etc. the physical factors focus upon fulfilling those needs and demands buy better product design, channel of distribution and other functions. In summary, Marketing in action is marketing Management. Marketing Management has the responsibility of to perform many functions in the field of marketing such as planning, organizing, directing, motivating, coordinating and controlling. All these function aim to achieve the marketing goals.    
        Marketing Management is a programme which inculcates students with an understanding of marketing strategies, practices and new techniques as per consumer behavior. Usually offered as a specialization within a management programme, marketing management helps students in learning about the marketing process which involves planning, pricing and promoting the goods and services to the target market. The programme focuses on areas like promotional techniques, cost cutting mechanisms as well as customer creation and retention by careful analysis and forecasting of market situations. Students can also understand the role of marketing in other areas of an organization like production, sales & distribution, operations etc through a course in Marketing Management.

CHAPTER 1 - New Product Development & Product Life Cycle

1.1 New Product Development :Need for new product development, Booz Allen &Hamilton Classification Scheme for New Products

1.2 New Product Development Process: Idea Generation to commercialization.

1.3 Branding: Introduction to Branding, Product Vs. Brand, Meaning of a brand, brand equity & brand elements.

1.4 Packaging & Labeling: Meaning & role of Packaging & Labeling, Primary, Secondary & Shipment packages

1.5 Product Life Cycle: Concept & characteristics of Product Life Cycle, Relevance of PLC, Types of PLC and Strategies across stages of the PLC

Marketing Management | Chapter 1 | Part 1

Marketing Management | Chapter 1 | Part 2

Marketing Management | Chapter 1 | Part 3

Marketing Management | Chapter 1 | Part 4

Marketing Management | Chapter 1 | Part 5

CHAPTER 2 - Price 

2.1 Pricing Basics: Meaning, Importance and Factors influencing pricing decisions

2.2 Setting the Price: Setting pricing objectives, Determining demand, Estimating costs, Analyzing competitors’ pricing, Selecting pricing method, Selecting final price.

2.3 Adapting the Price: Geographical pricing, Price discounts & allowances, Promotional pricing, Differentiated pricing,

2.4 Price Change: Initiating & responding to price changes.

Marketing Management | Chapter 2 | Part 1

Marketing Management | Chapter 2 | Part 2

Marketing Management | Chapter 2 | Part 3

Marketing Management | Chapter 2 | Part 4

Marketing Management | Chapter 2 | Part 5

CHAPTER 3 - Place 

3.1 The Role of Marketing Channels: Channel functions & flows, channel levels.

3.2 Channel Design Decisions: Analyzing customers’ desired service output levels, establishing objectives &constraints, Identifying & evaluating major channel alternatives

3.3 Channel Options: Introduction to Wholesaling, Retailing, Franchising, Direct marketing , E- Commerce Marketing Practices

3.4 Market Logistics Decisions: Order processing, Warehousing, Inventory, and Transportation.

Marketing Management | Chapter 3 | Part 1

Marketing Management | Chapter 3 | Part 2

Marketing Management | Chapter 3 | Part 3

Marketing Management | Chapter 3 | Part 4

Marketing Management | Chapter 3 | Part 5

CHAPTER 4 - Promotion

4.1 Introduction: The role of marketing communications in marketing effort.

4.2 Communication Mix Elements: Introduction to Advertising, Sales Promotion, Personal Selling, Public Relations, Direct Marketing. Concept of Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC)

4.3 Developing Effective Communication: Identifying target audience, determining communication objectives, designing the communications, selecting communication channels

4.4 Deciding Marketing Communications Mix: Factors in setting marketing communication mix, measuring communication results

Marketing Management | Chapter 4 | Part 1

Marketing Management | Chapter 4 | Part 2

Marketing Management | Chapter 4 | Part 3

Marketing Management | Chapter 4 | Part 4

Marketing Management | Chapter 4 | Part 5

CHAPTER 5 - Marketing Planning & Control: 

5.1 Product Level Planning: Preparation & evaluation of a product level marketing plan, Nature & contents of Marketing Plans- Executive Summary, Situation Analysis, Marketing Strategy, Financials, Control.

5.2 Marketing Evaluation & Control: Concept, Process & types of control -Annual Plan Control, Profitability Control, Efficiency Control, Strategic Control, Marketing audit.

Marketing Management | Chapter 5 | Part 1

Marketing Management | Chapter 5 | Part 2

Marketing Management | Chapter 5 | Part 3

Marketing Management | Chapter 5 | Part 4

Marketing Management | Chapter 5 | Part 5

202 Financial Management | MBA MCQs | SPPU | FM

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) with Answers on Financial Management (FM)

          Financial management, is that branch of general management, which has grown to provide specialized and efficient financial services to the whole enterprise; involving, in particular, the timely supplies of requisite finances and ensuring their most effective utilization-contributing to the most effective and efficient attainment of the common objectives of the enterprise. Financial management is one of the important aspects in finance. Nobody can ever think to start a business or a company without financial knowledge and management strategies. Finance links itself directly to several functional departments like marketing, production and personnel.  Here we will list out some of the major scope of financial management notes which will help you in your decision making process. 

CHAPTER 1 – Business Finance:

Introduction of Business Finance: Meaning, Definition of Financial Management, Goals of Financial Management (Profit Maximization and Wealth Maximization), Modern approaches to Financial Management – (Investment Decision, Financing Decision and Dividend Policy Decisions) Finance and other related disciplines, Functions of finance manager, Key strategies of financial management, Financial Planning – Principles and Steps in Financial Planning

Financial Management MCQs | Chapter 1 | Part 1

Financial Management MCQs | Chapter 1 | Part 2

Financial Management MCQs | Chapter 1 | Part 3

Financial Management MCQs | Chapter 1 | Part 4

Financial Management MCQs | Chapter 1 | Part 5

CHAPTER 2 - Capital structure:

Meaning, Factors affecting the capital structure, Different Sources of Finance and its Types, Concept and measurement of cost of capital, measurement of specific costs WACC, Trading on equity and its types.

Financial Management MCQs | Chapter 2 | Part 1

Financial Management MCQs | Chapter 2 | Part 2

Financial Management MCQs | Chapter 2 | Part 3

Financial Management MCQs | Chapter 2 | Part 4

Financial Management MCQs | Chapter 2 | Part 5

CHAPTER 3 - Techniques of Financial Analysis:

Meaning , Nature, Objectives, Understanding of financial statements, Schedule VI of Companies Act, Tools of analysis, interpretation and limitations of financial analysis, Fund flow statement (Working capital basis), Understanding Cash flow statement – Difference between Cash flow and Fund flow statement, Ratio analysis (computation and interpretations of ratios)

Financial Management MCQs | Chapter 3 | Part 1

Financial Management MCQs | Chapter 3 | Part 2

Financial Management MCQs | Chapter 3 | Part 3

Financial Management MCQs | Chapter 3 | Part 4

Financial Management MCQs | Chapter 3 | Part 5

CHAPTER 4 – Capital Budgeting:

Meaning, Definition and types of evaluating the project on the basis of Traditional Techniques and Modern Techniques (viz. Payback period, Discounted Payback period, NPV, ARR, IRR, PI) Time Value of Money.

Financial Management MCQs | Chapter 4 | Part 1

Financial Management MCQs | Chapter 4 | Part 2

Financial Management MCQs | Chapter 4 | Part 3

Financial Management MCQs | Chapter 4 | Part 4

Financial Management MCQs | Chapter 4 | Part 5

CHAPTER 5 – Working Capital Management:

Nature and Scope, Components of working capital, operating cycle, types of working capital, Sources of Working Capital Financing, Factors affecting working capital, estimation of working capital requirement.

Financial Management MCQs | Chapter 5 | Part 1

Financial Management MCQs | Chapter 5 | Part 2

Financial Management MCQs | Chapter 5 | Part 3

Financial Management MCQs | Chapter 5 | Part 4

Financial Management MCQs | Chapter 5 | Part 5

203 Human Resource Management HRM | MBA MCQs | SPPU

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) with Answers on Human Resource Management (HRM)

        Human Resource Management (HRM) is the term used to describe formal systems devised for the management of people within an organization. It is a function in the organizations designed to maximize employee performance in service of an employer's strategic objectives. HR is primarily concerned with the management of people within organizations, focusing on policies and on systems. Essentially, the purpose of HRM is to maximize the productivity of an organization by optimizing the effectiveness of its employees. This mandate is unlikely to change in any fundamental way, despite the ever-increasing pace of change in the business world.

   HR departments and units in organizations typically undertake a number of activities, including employee benefits design, employee recruitment, training and development, performance appraisal, and rewarding (e.g., managing pay and benefit systems). HR also concerns itself with organizational change and industrial relations, that is, the balancing of organizational practices with requirements arising from collective bargaining and from governmental laws.      

CHAPTER 1 - Introduction to HRM & Framework 

Human Resource Management MCQs | Chapter 1 | Part 1 

Human Resource Management MCQs  | Chapter 1 | Part 2

Human Resource Management MCQs  | Chapter 1 | Part 3

Human Resource Management MCQs | Chapter 1 | Part 4

Human Resource Management MCQs  | Chapter 1 | Part 5

CHAPTER 2 - HR Procurement

Human Resource Management MCQs | Chapter 2 | Part 1

Human Resource Management MCQs | Chapter 2 | Part 2

Human Resource Management MCQs | Chapter 2 | Part 3

Human Resource Management MCQs | Chapter 2 | Part 4

Human Resource Management MCQs | Chapter 2 | Part 5

CHAPTER 3 - Training and Development

Human Resource Management MCQs | Chapter 3 | Part 1

Human Resource Management MCQs | Chapter 3 | Part 2

Human Resource Management MCQs | Chapter 3 | Part 3

Human Resource Management MCQs | Chapter 3 | Part 4

Human Resource Management MCQs | Chapter 3 | Part 5

CHAPTER 4 - Employee Appraisal & Compensation

Human Resource Management MCQs | Chapter 4 | Part 1

Human Resource Management MCQs | Chapter 4 | Part 2

Human Resource Management MCQs | Chapter 4 | Part 3

Human Resource Management MCQs | Chapter 4 | Part 4

Human Resource Management MCQs | Chapter 4 | Part 5

CHAPTER 5 - Managing Employee Relations: 

Human Resource Management MCQs | Chapter 5 | Part 1

Human Resource Management MCQs | Chapter 5 | Part 2

Human Resource Management MCQs | Chapter 5 | Part 3

Human Resource Management MCQs | Chapter 5 | Part 4

Human Resource Management MCQs | Chapter 5 | Part 5